They typically range between and 2, kg Lifespan: Javan rhinos are estimated to live an average of 35 to 40 years in the wild Skin colour: Javan rhinos have grey or grey-brown skin, almost black when wet, with pink colouring in the folds The horn: Javan rhinos have a single horn, grey or brownish in colour, usually less than 20 cm long.
Males have larger horns and many females, especially in Ujung Kulon, have no horn or just have a small knob on the nose. The longest horn ever recorded is only about 27 cm long and is now in the British Museum in London. Rhino horn has the same horn structure as the hooves of horses and re-grows if broken off.
It is not used for fighting, but for scraping mud from the sides of wallows, pulling down food plants, and for protection of the head and nose when breaking through dense vegetation Teeth: like all Asian rhinos, Javan rhinos have long, sharp, dagger-shaped lower incisor teeth. These are used in fighting and can inflict deep wounds. Javan rhinos also have two rows of 6 strong, broad and low-crowned molars on each side.
The ridges of enamel on these teeth are used to cut up the woody parts of their food into characteristic cm long pieces. Over the years the teeth wear down by several centimetres to become shallow and dish-like, and making it difficult for older rhinos to break down their food Senses: Javan rhinos have a good sense of smelling and hear very well, but are rather short-sighted Distinctive characteristics: Javan rhinos have long pointed upper lip, which assists in grasping their food.
Such prehensile lips are found in all browsing rhino species: the African black rhino, and the greater one-horned and Sumatran rhinos.
As for the other Asian rhinos, there are two folds in the skin circling the body behind the front legs and before the hind legs, and horizontal folds at the base of the legs. The skin is covered with a mosaic pattern, giving a scale-like appearance Social behaviour and breeding Sociability: Javan rhinos are usually solitary, except for females with small calves, or during courtship.
Occasionally young animals may form pairs or small groups for some time Male territory : males in Ujung Kulon have larger territories km 2 , only marginally overlapping with other males territories. There is no indication that these territories are actually defended by territorial fights as happens in other rhino species, but they are marked along the main trails by urine, faeces, scrapes and twisted saplings Female territory: the ranges of the females in Ujung Kulon are much smaller km 2 and overlap each other considerably Mating and courtship: there is a short period of courtship around the time when a female is in oestrus and this is generally the only time adult males and adult female socialise Scent marking: dung heaps serve as a communication point, though the large latrines common in the greater one-horned rhino do not occur, probably because of the much lower natural density of these animals.
Unlike Sumatran rhinos, Javan rhinos do not scratch their hind feet in the dung and kick it around in the bushes. They drag a hind foot, sometimes for several metres, to mark the scratch with the secretions of the foot glands.
The visual marks made by the Sumatran rhinos in the form of twisted saplings are also unknown in Javan rhinos Sounds and calls: Javan rhinos are not very vocal, much less than Sumatran rhinos, and only a few vocalisations have been recorded. As with other rhino species, indirect communication through dung, urine and scrapes scented with the secretions of the foot glands play a more prominent role Gestation period: the gestation period is estimated to be between 16 and 19 months Location and habitat Current range: the Javan rhino exists in a single population in Ujung Kulon peninsular, western Java, Indonesia.
Here the rhino population has recovered quite well from fewer than 30 individuals in to between 50 and 60 in Since then the population has been stagnant or even slowly declining. Weight — 2, kg. Countries Indonesia. Distribution The Javan Rhinoceros is one of the rarest large mammals on the planet. Description The Javan rhino is the largest animal found in Java and the second larget in all of Indonesia, behind the Asian Elephant, ranging to be 2 to 4 metres longs, and 1.
Javan Rhinoceros are estimated to have lifespans of between 30 to 45 years in the wild. Other traits of a Javan Rhinoceros Excellent sense of small Poor vision Hairless Skin has a natural pattern which leads to their armoured appearance. Behaviour Diet Habitat Threats The species is a solitary animal except for breeding pairs and mothers with calves Javan rhinos do congregate in small groups around common areas such as salt licks and mud wallows Mud wallows are used to keep cool and prevent disease and parasite infestation Male home ranges are large at 12 — 20 kilometres, while female home ranges are 3 to 14 kilometre Dung piles and urine spraying is used to mark territories It is believed the species communicates with markings on the ground and twisting saplings Very few vocalisations are known for the species The Javan rhino has no known predators apart from humans The Javan Rhinoceros is very skittish of humans and will often become aggressive and partake in attacking and stabbing if it feels threatened.
The rhino eats an estimated 50 kg of food daily. The Javan rhino needs salt in its diet. The salt licks common in its historical range, but does not exist in Ujung Kulon, but the rhinos there have been observed drinking seawater, likely for the same nutritional need. Other threats include: Habitat Loss — logging, agriculture development Poaching for horns and money. Conservation Efforts Save the Rhino The Save the Rhino organisation focuses on working with all rhino species in the world.
Females become sexually mature at about years, with males maturing slightly later. The rate of reproduction of this species is relatively slow, with females giving birth to a single calf every years. This wordcloud illustrates the threats facing this species. The size of each word indicates the extent of a species range that is affected by that threat larger size means a greater area is affected. The colour of the word indicates how much that threat impacts the species darker shades of red mean the threat is more severe.
Review terms and conditions page for details. Javan Rhinoceros Rhinoceros sondaicus.
0コメント