Which sperm are stronger




















The cause of this is unknown but may be related to the increased fragility of Y sperm during stressful times or general hormonal changes that favour females when times are tough. More research has focused on maternal diet pre-conception to predict changes in the sex ratio.

Mothers who ate cereal for breakfast were more likely to have boys in one study. Another found that a low-salt, high-calcium diet favoured girls. Alas, planning your conception based on your Chinese lunar age and the month of conception turns out to be no more accurate than flipping a coin. In this study of billionaires Bill Gates is at the top , men who inherited their money heirs were more likely to have sons than both self-made billionaires and the general population.

Causes of male infertility. Accessed Feb. Infertility and men. Hormone Health Network. Hornstein MD, et al. Optimizing natural fertility in couples planning pregnancy. McAninch JW, et al. Male infertility. In: Smith and Tanagho's General Urology. New York, N. Accessed March 6, Men's reproductive health in the workplace.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Anawalt BD, et al. Approach to the mail with infertility. Theriogenology 52, — Binding of anti-H-Y monoclonal antibodies to separated X and Y chromosome-bearing porcine and bovine sperm.

Comparison of detergent-solubilized membrane and soluble proteins from flow cytometrically sorted X- and Y-chromosome bearing porcine spermatozoa by high resolution 2-D electrophoresis.

Hoegerman, S. Sex chromosome abnormalities after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Lancet Hoffmann, D. Isolation of epithelial cells from the corpus epididymidis and analysis for glycerylphosphorylcholine, sialic acid, and protein. Holt, W. The oviduct as a complex mediator of mammalian sperm function and selection. Hoppe, P. Reacting mouse sperm with monoclonal H-Y antibodies does not influence sex ratio of eggs fertilized in vitro.

Hossain, A. Lack of significant morphological differences between human X and Y spermatozoa and their precursor cells spermatids exposed to different prehybridization treatments. Hu, Y. Functional significance of the sex chromosomes during spermatogenesis.

Reproduction , R—R Iizuka, R. Sexing of human sperm by discontinuous Percoll density gradient and its clinical application. Ikeda, M. Repeated in utero and lactational 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin exposure affects male gonads in offspring, leading to sex ratio changes in F2 progeny. Sex chromosomal abnormalities and intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

Irving, J. The ratio of X- and Y-bearing sperm in ejaculates of men with three or more children of the same sex. Ishihara, K. Does paternal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin TCDD affect the sex ratio of offspring?

Iwata, H. Effects of modification of in vitro fertilization techniques on the sex ratio of the resultant bovine embryos. James, W. Parental age, parity and sex ratio in births in England and Wales, Jasin, M. Analysis of Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase expression in transgenic mice by flow cytometry of sperm. Jeulin, C. Johnson, L. A new approach to study the architectural arrangement of spermatogenic stages revealed little evidence of a partial wave along the length of human seminiferous tubules.

Sexing mammalian sperm for production of offspring: the state-of-the-art. Gender preselection in humans? Flow cytometric separation of X and Y spermatozoa for the prevention of X-linked diseases. Jurewicz, J. Lifestyle factors and sperm aneuploidy. Kaneko, S. Separation of human X- and Y-bearing sperm using free-flow electrophoresis. B 59, — Human X- and Y-bearing sperm differ in cell surface sialic acid content.

Kirley, T. Differential sensitivity to reduction of the three beta subunit disulfide bonds. Krco, C. H-Y male antigen: detection on eight-cell mouse embryos. Kruger, A. A neofunctionalized X-linked ampliconic gene family is essential for male fertility and equal sex ratio in mice. Kwon, W. A comprehensive proteomic approach to identifying capacitation related proteins in boar spermatozoa.

Diagnosis and prognosis of male infertility in mammal: the focusing of tyrosine phosphorylation and phosphotyrosine proteins. Proteome Res. Discovery of predictive biomarkers for litter size in boar spermatozoa. Proteomics 14, — Landrum, B. Nuclear structure of human spermatozoa. Lankenau, S.

The Drosophila micropia retrotransposon encodes a testis-specific antisense RNA complementary to reverse transcriptase.

Leblond, C. Definition of the stages of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium in the rat. Lechniak, D. Sperm pre-incubation prior to insemination affects the sex ratio of bovine embryos produced in vitro. Lobel, S. The sex ratio of normal and manipulated human sperm quantitated by the polymerase chain reaction.

Malhotra, P. Prevalence of anemia in adult rural population of north India. Physicians India 52, 18— Martin, R. The chromosome constitution of human spermatozoa. Analysis of chromosomal abnormalities in human sperm after chemotherapy by karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization FISH. Cancer Genet. The relationship between paternal age, sex ratios, and aneuploidy frequencies in human sperm, as assessed by multicolor FISH.

Multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of aneuploidy and diploidy frequencies in , sperm from 10 normal men. Mcauliffe, M. Mcdonald, E. Multi-factorial influences on sex ratio: a spatio-temporal investigation of endocrine disruptor pollution and neighborhood stress.

Health 20, — Meng, L. Mocarelli, P. Paternal concentrations of dioxin and sex ratio of offspring. Lancet , — Muehleis, P. The effects of altering the pH of seminal fluid on the sex ratio of rabbit offspring.

Oakberg, E. Duration of spermatogenesis in the mouse and timing of stages of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. Ohno, S. On the selective elimination of Y-bearing sperm. Immunogenetics 7, 13— Oyeyipo, I. Environmental exposure of sperm sex-chromosomes: a gender selection technique. Panas, M. Pang, M. Detection of aneuploidy for chromosomes 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 17, 18, 21, X and Y by fluorescence in-situ hybridization in spermatozoa from nine patients with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

The high incidence of meiotic errors increases with decreased sperm count in severe male factor infertilities. Numerical chromosome abnormalities are associated with sperm tail swelling patterns. Park, Y. Proteomic revolution to improve tools for evaluating male fertility in animals. Penfold, L. Comparative motility of X and Y chromosome-bearing bovine sperm separated on the basis of DNA content by flow sorting. Pepin, J. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense African trypanosomiasis: differences between men and women in severity of disease and response to treatment.

Perez-Crespo, M. Scrotal heat stress effects on sperm viability, sperm DNA integrity, and the offspring sex ratio in mice. Perry, M. Effects of environmental and occupational pesticide exposure on human sperm: a systematic review.

Update 14, — Pfeffer, J. Aneuploidy frequencies in semen fractions from ten oligoasthenoteratozoospermic patients donating sperm for intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Pratt, N. Offspring sex ratio in hamsters is correlated with vaginal pH at certain times of mating.

Neural Biol. Quinlivan, W. Separation of human X and Y spermatozoa by albumin gradients and Sephadex chromatography. The ratios and separation of X and Y spermatozoa in human semen. Rahman, M. Effect of antioxidants on BPA-induced stress on sperm function in a mouse model. Gestational exposure to bisphenol A affects the function and proteome profile of F1 spermatozoa in adult mice.

Prediction of male fertility using capacitation-associated proteins in spermatozoa. Bisphenol-A affects male fertility via fertility-related proteins in spermatozoa. Functional and proteomic alterations of F1 capacitated spermatozoa of adult mice following gestational exposure to bisphenol A.

A novel approach to assessing bisphenol-A hazards using an in vitro model system. Sperm proteomics: road to male fertility and contraception. Rathje, C. Differential sperm motility mediates the sex ratio drive shaping mouse sex chromosome evolution. Recio, R. Organophosphorous pesticide exposure increases the frequency of sperm sex null aneuploidy. Ross, A. Rubio, C. Incidence of sperm chromosomal abnormalities in a risk population: relationship with sperm quality and ICSI outcome.

Ruder, A. Paternal-age and birth-order effect on the human secondary sex ratio. Ryan, J. Sex ratios of children of Russian pesticide producers exposed to dioxin.

Salicioni, A. Signalling pathways involved in sperm capacitation. Samura, O. Assessment of sex chromosome ratio and aneuploidy rate in motile spermatozoa selected by three different methods. Sarkar, S. Swimming behavior of X and Y human sperm. Differentiation 27, — Schmidt, W. Scott, C. Shannon, M. Expression of the Hprt gene during spermatogenesis: implications for sex-chromosome inactivation. Shettles, L. Nuclear morphology of human spermatozoa. Human spermatozoa shape in relation to sex ratios.

Factors influencing sex ratios. Siegel, R. Cancer statistics, CA Cancer J. Sills, E. H-Y antigen expression patterns in human X- and Y-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa. Silvers, W. H-Y antigen: behavior and function. Smith, B. This means sperm is unable to accomplish fertilisation, either because of low quantity, abnormal shape or abnormal movement. An average sperm count is between to million per cubic centimetre. A low sperm count is below 40 million per cubic centimetre. A lot of factors can affect sperm quality.

An interesting study revealed that there is a general decline that has been going on for a while. This review and meta-analysis published in found out there has been an average decline in sperm count of 1. Even though we know men are becoming less fertile, the reasons for this happening are unclear.

Recent studies identified that the genetic quality of sperm, as well as volume and motility decrease with age, which means that older sperm are less likely to result in a successful pregnancy.

Advanced age also increases the chances of genetic and chromosomal defects. So, for successful pregnancies and healthy babies, we need to start considering parenthood earlier in life. Longer periods of abstinence also reduce the pregnancy rate.



0コメント

  • 1000 / 1000