Footnotes are notes placed at the bottom of a page. They cite references or comment on a designated part of the text above it. For example, say you want to add an interesting comment to a sentence you have written, but the comment is not directly related to the argument of your paragraph. In this case, you could add the symbol for a footnote. Then, at the bottom of the page you could reprint the symbol and insert your comment. Here is an example:. When your reader comes across the footnote in the main text of your paper, he or she could look down at your comments right away, or else continue reading the paragraph and read your comments at the end.
Because this makes it convenient for your reader, most citation styles require that you use either footnotes or endnotes in your paper. It is marked by a superscript number within the body of the text. The superscript number also appears at the bottom of the page, along with the additional explanatory or bibliographic information. If specific sources are used to write content footnotes, this information should be cited through parenthetical citations within the footnote and then with full citation information within the Works Cited, or Bibliography, page.
Bibliographic footnotes point your readers to specific, related outside texts without providing much commentary on them. Full citation information for these sources should also be included on the Works Cited page. Heatherton, Fitzgilroy, and Hsu, Meteors and Mudslides , If there are 4 or more authors , cite only the name of the first listed author followed by 'et al' in the note.
Claire Hacek et al. Hacek et al. First name Last name, T itle: Subtitle, trans. Last name, Shortened TItle , page. Edith Grossman London: Cape, , Date , page. Chapter author's Last name, "Chapter Title," page. Tim Page New York: Vintage, , Gould, "Streidand as Schwarzkopf," For books downloaded from a library or bookseller, the note should reflect specifically where it is located and in which format.
Last name, Shortened Title , location. Noe, Ivory Trenches , loc. Last name, Shortened Title , location, doi. Bonds, Absolute Music , chap. Lystra, Dangerous Intimacy , Last name Date, page. Last name and Last name Date, page.
Last name, Last name, and Last name Date, page. For a book with four or more authors , cite only the last name of the first- listed author, followed by et al. Last name et al. Date, page. For example, look at the following image. However, footnotes are not allowed in all style guides.
The APA style guide, for example, does not recommend the use of footnotes and endnotes. Citation refers to a quotation from or reference to a book, paper, or author, especially in an academic work.
Footnote refers to a piece of information printed at the bottom of a page. Citation contains bibliographical information. Footnote is included at the bottom of the page.
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